![]() 1, 11 The radiocapitellar joint, with a smaller articular surface than that of the ulnohumeral joint, supports 55% of the axial loads through the elbow with the forearm in neutral rotation. It is widely accepted that elbow osteoarthritis is initiated at the radiocapitellar joint. ![]() 10 Common conditions associated with a higher prevalence of primary elbow OA include manual laborers, weightlifters, throwing athletes, and wheelchair-dependent individuals. Occupations or avocations involving repetitive use of the upper extremity are the most common risk factors identified, being present in about 60% of the patients. 3, 9 The dominant extremity is involved in about 80%–90% of patients, and bilateral involvement is present in 25%–60% of the patients. 3, 4, 8 The average age at initial presentation is 50 years, but symptoms may start as early as the second decade of life. In fact, it is a disorder almost exclusively of males. Originally recognized in Japan, osteoarthritis of the elbow is most commonly seen in men. 5 Demographic studies have shown dramatic differences in the incidence of the elbow arthritis in different races, but it is unclear whether this is due to genetic or environmental factors. 3, 4 Its low prevalence, combined with the common use of joint preserving procedures for primary elbow OA, is consistent with the observation that less than 5% of joint replacements are performed in patients with this diagnosis. Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow is relatively uncommon, affecting 2–3% of the population. 2. Primary elbow OA: how common is it? Risk factors
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